AP化学课程简介（考试内容+考点+教材）

　　扫描下方二维码下载最齐全的AP资料大全整理【小马官方版】

　　AP化学课程简介

　　AP化学课程简介

　　AP，全称Advanced Placement。AP课程及考试始于1955年，由美国大学理事会(College Board)主办，在高中阶段开设的具有大学水平的课程，共有22个门类、37个学科。该项考试的目的在于，使高中学生提前接触大学课程，完成一些美国大学的学分课程及考试。AP课程及考试可以为高中生起到减免大学学分、降低大学教育成本、缩短大学教育时间的目的，同时AP考试成绩可以作为申请大学的一个重要筹码。

　　二、AP化学考试内容

　　AP化学考试分为两部分，值得注意的是2014年College Board对AP化学考试的出题形式及新大纲修改进行了全面的修改。考试题型与内容均做了调整。考试仍分为两个部分，第一部分是multiple-choice question，从75道题变为60道题，该部分答题时间90min不变，占50%，虽然题量减少但题干阅读量明显增加，单一试题考点覆盖增加;第二部分是free response question，考试时间90min，占50%，第二部分分Part A和PartB，Part A是3道long free response，Part B是4道short free response。其出题思路较之老试题变得更加灵活，增强了对考生能力的考察。要避免传统的死记硬背的方式学习理解应用为主才能在考试中取得好的成绩。在全程过程中选择题部分只给考生periodic table，在第二部分free response 有公式表和periodic table，计算器只可以在free response 的part A 部分使用。

　　三、AP 化学考试基本考点

　　Topic 1: Introduction to Chemistry

　　1. Scientific Method , Classification of Matter , Separation Science, example distillation and chromatography

　　2. Physical and Chemical Properties ,Temperature and Density—Demos ,Meet the Elements

　　3. Math Review, Significant Figures, and Statistical Techniques, Dimensional Analysis and Proportions, Units of Measurement

　　4. Conversion of units, Dimensional Analysis, Uncertainty in Measurements and Significant Figures

　　5. Length and Volume, Mass and Weight Density and Specific Gravity, Temperature and its Measurement

　　Topic 2: Nuclear and Atomic Structure

　　1.The Nucleus and Types of Subatomic Particles, Mass Spectroscopy and Isotopes, Stability of the Nucleus

　　4.Atomic Structure, Rutherford Experiment, Cathode Ray Experiments

　　7.Atomic Structure Terms, Electromagnetic Radiation, Quantization of Energy

　　10.Photoelectric Effect, PES data, Bohr Atom, Spectroscopy

　　14.Orbital Model of Atom, Aufbau Diagram, Paramagnetic, Quantum Model

　　Topic 3: Periodicity and Introduction to Bonding

　　1. Atomic Properties, Periodic Law, Elemental Properties, Types of Bonds

　　2. Metallic Bonding, Properties of Group One, Properties of Period Two, Metals vs. Non Metals, Multiple Oxidation States of Transition Metals

　　3. Ionic Bonding, Ionic Bonding and Potential Energy Diagrams, Energy of Formation of Ionic Compounds, Lattice energy

　　Topic 4: Covalent Bonding and Molecules

　　1. Types of Covalent Bonds, Nonpolar Covalent Bonds, Polar Covalent Bonds

　　2. Coordinate Covalent Bonds - Lewis Acids and Lewis Bases, Lewis Structures, Resonance, Hybridization, Molecular Geometry

　　3. Energy Effects on Molecules, Isomerism

　　4. Functional Groups, Interactions of Functional Groups

　　5. Classification of Molecules, Intermolecular Interactions, Dipole moments, Dielectric Constants, Types of Compounds, Properties of Metallic, Molecular, Macromolecular and Ionic Compounds

　　Topic 5: Predicting Reactions

　　1. Naming Compounds, Balancing Chemical Equations, Types of Chemical Equations, Types of Chemical Reactions

　　2. Predicting based on Stability, Predicting based on Type

　　3. Chemical reactivity and products of chemical reactions

　　Reaction types – Organic Functional Group Reactions, Acid-base reactions; concepts of Arrhenius, Brönsted- Lowry, and Lewis; coordination complexes; amphoterism Precipitation reactions, Oxidation-reduction reactions, Oxidation number, the role of the electron in oxidation-reduction

　　Topic 6: Measurement and Stoichiometry

　　1. Law of Constant Composition and Calculations based on Law

　　2. Using Moles to find a Quantity, Stoichiometry, Limiting Reagents, Using Density

　　3. Solution Terms, Stoichiometry - Solutions

　　Topic 7: Thermochemistry

　　1. Introduction to thermodynamics, Conservation of energy

　　2. State Functions, Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy

　　3. Calorimetric, Heat of Fusion, Heat of Vaporization, Specific Heat

　　4. Heat of Dilution, Heat of Solution, Hess’s Law—direct and indirect

　　5. Bond Dissociation Energies, Gibbs Free Energy Equation

　　Topic 8: Gas, Liquids and Solids

　　1. Real Gases versus Ideal Gases, Ideal Gas Equation

　　2. Derivations based on Ideal Gas Equation, Gases collected Over Water, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Van Der Waals Equation, Molecular Speeds, Diffusion and Effusion

　　3. Molecular Theory related to Phase, Phase Changes

　　4. Entropy, Heating and Cooling Curves, Interfaces

　　5. Pressure, Vapor Pressure, Boiling Point and Freezing Points

　　6. Vapor Pressure Curves, Phase Diagrams – Triple point, critical point, Energy change during phase changes, Viscosity

　　7. Surface Tension, Types of Solids and Crystal Structure

　　Topic 9: Solutions

　　1. Types of Solutions, Electrolytes, Miscibility and Immiscibility

　　2. Process of Dissolution, Dissolution versus Ionization, Solubility Terms, Solubility Curves, Henry’s Law

　　3. Concentration Terms – Molarity, Molality, % , mole fractions, Dilution Problems

　　4. Stoichiometry Problems with Solutions—Review, Raoult’s Law

　　5. Freezing and Boiling points of Solutions—Colligative Properties, van’t Hoff factor, Osmosis, Deviation from Raoult’s Law, Colloids

　　Topic 10: Kinetics

　　1. Rates relationship to collisions, Reaction Mechanisms

　　2. Activation energy, Nature of Reactants and Interfacial Surface Area

　　3. Temperature and Pressure effects on Rates

　　4. Catalyst—Homogeneous and Heterogeneous

　　5. Potential Energy Diagrams—Review, Activated Complex and Intermediates, Arrhenius Equation

　　6. Maxwell- Boltzman Diagram, Average Rate

　　7. Rates relationship to Stoichiometry, Graphical determination of Instantaneous Rate, Rate Laws, Determination of Rate Laws, Determination of Mechanisms, Order of Reactions, Calculations based on Order

　　Topic 11: Equilibrium

　　1. Reversible processes and Reactions, Types of systems

　　2. Kinetics relationship to Equilibrium, Equilibrium Expressions, Equilibrium Constants

　　3. LeChatelier’s Principle, Equilibrium Stresses, Equilibrium Calculations, Molar Solubility, Common Ion Effects, Reaction Quotients

　　Topic 12: Acids, Bases and Salts

　　1. Dissociation versus Ionization, Preparation of Acids, Bases and Salts, Classification of Acids and Bases, Bronsted-Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases, Degree of Ionization

　　2. Equilibrium Constants for Acids and Bases, Weak Acids and Bases

　　3. Binary acids versus Oxyacids, Determination of Acid and Base properties based on structure, Ionization of Water

　　4. pH and pOH, Acid-Base Stoichiometry Problems— Review

　　5. Ionization calculations of Weak Acids and Bases, Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation, Titration Calculations, Indicators, Types of Salts, Dissociation of salts and Buffers

　　Topic 13: Electrochemistry and Thermodynamics

　　1. Oxidation and Reduction, Substances gaining potential, Types of electrochemical cells, Voltaic cells, Cell Potentials, Concentration dependence of E

　　2. Nernst Equation, Cell potentials and Equilibrium, Metal Electrodes, Reference Electrodes, Indicator electrodes

　　3. Applications of Voltaic Cells, Electrolysis

　　4. Faraday’s Law, Electrolytic Cells, Order of reduction, Applications of Electrolytic cells, Gibbs Free energy Equation (Free Work)

　　5. Relationship of Equilibrium and Q, Relationship to E

　　Topic 14: Organic Chemistry

　　A. 1. Properties and Bonding in Carbon Compounds

　　12. Introduction to organic chemistry: hydrocarbons and functional groups (structure, nomenclature, chemical properties). Physical and chemical properties of simple organic compounds

　　B.3. Hydrocarbons, Petroleum, Fractional Distillation, Cracking, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkyne, Benzene Series, General Formulas, Structural Formulas, Saturated/unsaturated Compounds, Nomenclature, Alkyl Groups

　　24. IUPAC Nomenclature, Isomers, Other Organic Compounds, Alcohols

　　Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Alcohols, Diols and Triols

　　25. Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, Esters, Ethers, Amines, Polymers, Addition Polymerization, Condensation Polymerization, Natural Polymers, Organic Reactions

　　四、AP化学课程和化学考试的特点

　　AP课程是为北美的高中生设计的大学课程，知识面较广，至14年考试改版以后，考试考点较灵活，知识点较细，但由于容错率较高，只需作对卷面总分65%左右的题目即可获得满分5分。希望在我们的帮助下使同学们取得所希望的满分的成绩。

　　五、AP化学备考方法及备考教材

　　AP化学是每年5月AP考试的第一个考试科目，同学们应该根据自身的情况，对于以前没有接触过出国考试学习的学生和一些学习基础不扎实的学生应该选择参加我们的基础班培训课程。值得注意的是2014年College Board对AP化学考试的出题形式及新大纲修改进行了全面的修改。考试题型与内容均做了调整，所以，不太建议同学们自学，应在老师的帮助下系统的学习，并取得良好的同学们满意的成绩。

　　AP化学备考教材的推荐

　　外版的Princeton、Barron、Kaplan和国内出版的《AP化学》那路新、蒋智主编，内容按照AP大纲要求编写，使学生容易理解。

　　以上整理的就是AP化学课程简介（考试内容+考点+教材），希望对考生们有帮助。建议大家加入AP考试微信群或QQ群，及时了解最新考试动态，进群就免费送历年AP真题、机经、备考资料大全！关于本文有任何疑问，请和小马在线专家联系。

相关推荐:

　　 AP物理电磁学重点词汇

　　 AP换学分：加州大学圣地亚哥分校

　　 AP统计学必背词汇汇总