AP美国历史资料

　　下面介绍的是AP美国历史资料，还包括AP美国历史备考教材，同学们可在线免费下载电子版内容，供大家参考。

　　AP美国历史资料PRE-AMERICAN PERIOD (Pre 1600s)

　　The Land Bridge theory - holds that a Land Bridge emerged linking Asia & North America across what is now known as the Bering Sea. People were said to have walked across the "bridge" before the sea

　　level rose and sealed it off; thus populating the Americas.

　　The Land Bridge is said to have occurred an estimated 35,000 years ago.

　　Conclusion: The First settlers of the Americas were from Siberia.

　　AP美国历史资料TRAINGLE TRADE:

　　Europe would provide the market, capital, technology

　　Africa would provide the labor (Slaves) T

　　The New World would provide the raw materials & factories (gold, soil, lumber).

　　Treaty Line of Tordesillas 1494: Portugal and Spain feuded over who got what land. The Pope drew this line as he was respected by both.

　　EARLY COLONIAL SETTLEMENTS

　　John Calvin – Bible as the lone source of God’s words.

　　Separatists/Pilgrims –of church & State. All souls can join the church

　　Roger Williams- Atheism (no religious beliefs)

　　Maryland – Freedom of Religion (Catholic)

　　Puritans –Unsatisfied with the changes in the Church of England. Only visible saint can be church members. No absolute power for clergymen and no political positions.

　　Protestant – Broke away from the Roman Catholic Church. Only Elitists can become members of the Church. Clergymen were politicians.

　　Black Legend - the notion that Spaniards only brought bad things (murder, disease, slavery); though true, they also brought good things such as law systems, architecture, Christianity, language, civilization.

　　Virginia Charter -In 1606, the charter of the Virginia Company guaranteed settlers the same rights as Englishmen in Britain while all future settlements would belong to England.

　　Mayflower Compact – It was the first governing document in the colonies which was done by the separatists. It detailed the formation of a government ruled by the people for all new settlements.

　　New England Confederation – First attempt to unite all the colonies in 1643. It was the first type colonies self-governance while England was too busy with internal conflict to govern the colonies. The main purpose of the confederation was to protect against attacks from Indians. Also another purpose of the English alliance was to stand together in opposition against the French and Dutch.

　　1607- Jamestown, Virginia

　　The financial means for England’s first permanent colonization in America were provided by -

　　a joint-stock company(Virginia Company – Captain John Smith)

　　All of the following provided motives for English colonization -

　　unemployment – a thirst for adventure – a desire for markets - and a desire for religious freedom

　　Virginia Charter - The guarantee that English settlers in the New World would retain the “rights of Englishmen”

　　Originally, the Virginia Company intended to - and realize a quick profit from its investment(due to investors pulling out led to immediate colonization.

　　The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by - starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids(assisted by Powhatan Confederacy)

　　The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as

　　- ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society

　　The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans – Native American Indians)

　　they died in large numbers from European diseases(Smallpox)

　　they were not a reliable labor source

　　The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following -

　　the destruction of the soil

　　a great demand for controlled labor

　　soaring prosperity in the colony(would’ve failed without Tobacco)

　　It did not result in the diversification of the colony’s economy

　　First European parliamentary form of government - Virginia’s House of Burgesses(1619)

　　Founding of Maryland(1634) - Lord Baltimore

　　In 1649 Maryland’s Act of Toleration - guaranteed toleration to all Christians [not Jews and atheists]

　　Like Virginia, Maryland - cultivated tobacco on plantations and created a high demand for labor

　　English colonial agriculture:

　　Tobacco was considered a

　　The Carolinas & Georgia:

　　Rice, tobacco (Black slaves knew how to grow this)

　　Ex-criminals

　　- as a defensive buffer [from Indians & Spaniards in FL] for the valuable Carolinas

　　Plantation agriculture:

　　By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies -

　　based their economies on the production of staple crops for export

　　and practiced slavery

　　and provided tax support for the Church of England

　　and had few large cities

　　Ch. 3 Settling The Northern Colonies, 1619-1700

　　Separatists/Pilgrims: landed in Plymouth Rock

　　Mayflower Compact -self-government by the people.

　　Puritans - Massachusetts Bay Colony:

　　A city upon a hill – a model for others to copy

　　A covenant with God(no religious freedom) –

　　the purpose of government was to enforce God’s laws,

　　worked to serve the church

　　In the Massachusetts “Bible Commonwealth,” clergyman - were barred from holding formal political office

　　Massachusetts Bay Colony Dissenters:

　　According to Anne Hutchinson, a dissenter in Massachusetts Bay

　　- the truly saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man

　　As the founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams - established complete religious freedom for all

　　Roger Williams’ beliefs included all of the following -

　　breaking away from the Church of England

　　condemning the taking of Indian land without fair compensation

　　denying the authority of the civil government to regulate religious matters

　　challenging the legality of Massachusetts Bay’s charter

　　But did not include demanding oaths regarding religious beliefs

　　As a colony, Rhode Island became known for - individualist and independent attitudes(separation of state & church)- atheism

　　Salutary/Benign Neglect:

　　During the early years of colonization in the New World, England - paid little attention to its colonies

　　Dominion of New England –

　　officials tried to enforce the Navigation Laws(British control over colonial economy)

　　taxes were levied without the consent of elected representatives

　　Most of these were ignored by the colonies.

　　New England Confederation - first time colonies unite

　　Pennsylvania(Quakers) & The Middle Colonies:

　　Indian policy in early Pennsylvania can be best described as - benevolent

　　Economically, the colony of Pennsylvania - became profitable very quickly

　　Pennsylvania -

　　introduced an unusually liberal land policy that attracted a heavy flow of immigrants

　　and had fertile soil that produced surplus grain for export

　　and was founded with the intention of making a profit

　　Population migrations from Europe:

　　a population explosion – and economic depression – and religious repression

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