hitherto是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为ad. 到目前为止， 迄今，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《格兰特船长的女儿》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- When Lord Glenarvan offered him the command of the DUNCAN, he accepted it with right good will, for he loved the master of Malcolm Castle, like a brother, and had hitherto vainly sought some opportunity of showing his devotion.
-- CHAPTER XII ELEVEN THOUSAND FEET ALOFTNOTHING of importance had occurred hitherto in the passage through Chili; but all the obstacles and difficulties incident to a mountain journey were about to crowd on the travelers now.
-- Hitherto Thalcave had made no remark about this.
-- Hitherto the weather had been fine, but to-day the sky presented anything but a reassuring appearance.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《小杜丽》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Yet hitherto our star has been a vacillating and wavering star?
-- At this period of his visit, Mr Merdle took the chair which Edmund Sparkler had offered him, and which he had hitherto been pushing slowly about before him, like a dull man with a pair of skates on for the first time, who could not make up his mind to start.
在赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- There lurks, perhaps, a hitherto unheeded meaning here.
-- And as for the matter of the alleged uncleanliness of our business, ye shall soon be initiated into certain facts hitherto pretty generally unknown, and which, upon the whole, will triumphantly plant the sperm whale-ship at least among the cleanliest things of this tidy earth.
-- Yes, their supreme lord and dictator was there, though hitherto unseen by any eyes not permitted to penetrate into the now sacred retreat of the cabin.
-- By the above definition of what a whale is, I do by no means exclude from the leviathanic brotherhood any sea creature hitherto identified with the whale by the best informed Nantucketers; nor, on the other hand, link with it any fish hitherto authoritatively regarded as alien.
-- The only English name, by which he has hitherto been designated, is that of the fishers Right-Whale Porpoise, from the circumstance that he is chiefly found in the vicinity of that Folio.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《雾都孤儿》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- What an excellent example of the power of dress, young Oliver Twist was!Wrapped in the blanket which had hitherto formed his only covering, he might have been the child of a nobleman or a beggar; it would have been hard for the haughtiest stranger to have assigned him his proper station in society.
-- The terrified children cried bitterly; but the old woman, who had hitherto remained as quiet as if she had been wholly deaf to all that passed, menaced them into silence.
-- Mr. Dawkin's appearance did not say a vast deal in favour of the comforts which his patron's interest obtained for those whom he took under his protection; but, as he had a rather flightly and dissolute mode of conversing, and furthermore avowed that among his intimate friends he was better known by the sobriquet of 'The Artful Dodger,' Oliver concluded that, being of a dissipated and careless turn, the moral precepts of his benefactor had hitherto been thrown away upon him.
-- Sikes slackened his pace when they reached this spot: the girl being quite unable to support any longer, the rapid rate at which they had hitherto walked.
在简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- If what I have hitherto said can appear to you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my refusal in such a way as to convince you of its being one.'
-- He then handed her in, Maria followed, and the door was on the point of being closed, when he sud-denly reminded them, with some consternation, that they had hitherto forgotten to leave any message for the ladies at Rosings.
在丹尼尔·笛福的《鲁滨逊漂流记》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- I had hitherto acted upon no religious foundation at all; indeed, I had very few notions of religion in my head, nor had entertained any sense of anything that had befallen me otherwise than as chance, or, as we lightly say, what pleases God, without so much as inquiring into the end of Providence in these things, or His order in governing events for the world.
-- Thus my fear banished all my religious hope, all that former confidence in God, which was founded upon such wonderful experience as I had had of His goodness; as if He that had fed me by miracle hitherto could not preserve, by His power, the provision which He had made for me by His goodness.
在简·奥斯汀的《理智与情感》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The complaints and lamentations which politeness had hitherto restrained, now burst forth universally; and they all agreed again and again how provoking it was to be so disappointed.
-- You would rob it of its simplicity by imaginary improvement!and this dear parlour in which our acquaintance first began, and in which so many happy hours have been since spent by us together, you would degrade to the condition of a common entrance, and every body would be eager to pass through the room which has hitherto contained within itself more real accommodation and comfort than any other apartment of the handsomest dimensions in the world could possibly afford."
-- Hitherto she had carefully avoided every companion in her rambles.
-- It was evident that he was unhappy; she wished it were equally evident that he still distinguished her by the same affection which once she had felt no doubt of inspiring; but hitherto the continuance of his preference seemed very uncertain; and the reservedness of his manner towards her contradicted one moment what a more animated look had intimated the preceding one.
-- It would grieve me indeed to be obliged to think ill of you; but if I am to do it, if I am to learn that you are not what we have hitherto believed you, that your regard for us all was insincere, that your behaviour to me was intended only to deceive, let it be told as soon as possible.
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