hitherto是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为ad. 到目前为止， 迄今，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《格兰特船长的女儿》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Hitherto the yacht had been favored by a strong westerly breeze, but now there were evident signs that a calm was impending, and on the 13th of December the wind fell entirely; as the sailors say, there was not enough to fill a cap.
在阿瑟·柯南·道尔的《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- 'I have hitherto confined my investigations to this world,' said he.
在费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基的《白痴》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- I may remark that he had not once taken any notice of the blotchy-faced passenger, and had hitherto addressed all his remarks direct to the prince.
-- It was an entirely new and hitherto unknown being who now sat and laughed at him, and informed him to his face that she had never had the faintest feeling for him of any kind, except loathing and contempt contempt which had followed closely upon her sensations of surprise and bewilderment after her first acquaintance with him.
-- He could not under-stand such a state of things, and was obliged to conclude that it was pride, the pride of an injured and imaginative woman, which had gone to such lengths that it preferred to sit and nurse its contempt and hatred in solitude rather than mount to heights of hitherto unattainable splendour.
-- She confessed that she had long wished to have a frank and free conversation and to ask for friend-ly advice, but that pride had hitherto prevented her; now, however, that the ice was broken, nothing could be more welcome to her than this opportunity.
-- The un-expectedness of this sally on the part of the hitherto silent old man caused some laughter among the intruders.
在荷马的《伊利亚特》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Get your suppers now as hitherto throughout the city, but keep your watches and be wakeful.
-- Hector shouted to him and said, 'Son of Tydeus, the Danaans have done you hon-our hitherto as regards your place at table, the meals they give you, and the filling of your cup with wine.
-- Hitherto the Trojans dared not for one moment face the attack of the Achaeans, but now they have sallied far from their city and are fight-ing at our very ships through the cowardice of our leader and the disaffection of the people themselves, who in their discontent care not to fight in defence of the ships but are being slaughtered near them.
-- The coat of mail that had hitherto protected his body was now broken, and rang harshly as the spear tore through it.
-- Then King Apollo said to him, 'Take heart; the son of Saturn has sent you a mighty helper from Ida to stand by you and defend you, even me, Phoebus Apollo of the golden sword, who have been guardian hitherto not only of your-self but of your city.
在赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的《人魔岛》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- It has hitherto been supposed that the four men who were in the dingey perished, but this is incorrect.
-- Hitherto we've had a certain lack of meat here.'
-- Though it was faint and low, it moved me more profoundly than all that I had hitherto heard of the abominations behind the wall.
在詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏的《最后的摩根战士》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- ' Burns eyward and his female companions witnessed this Hmysterious movement with secret uneasiness; for, though the conduct of the white man had hitherto been above reproach, his rude equipments, blunt address, and strong antipathies, together with the character of his silent associates, were all causes for exciting distrust in minds that had been so recently alarmed by Indian treachery.
-- Uncas silently extended toward him the desired gourd, which the spleen of Hawkeye had hitherto prevented him from observing on a branch of an elm.
-- The whole party now plied their paddles vigorously, and in a very few moments they had reached a point whence they might command an entire view of the northern shore of the island, the side that had hitherto been concealed.
-- But Duncan, who, in deference to the other's skill and services, had hitherto submitted somewhat implicitly to his dictation, now assumed the superior, with a manner that was not easily resisted.
-- Then Magua dropped his voice which had hitherto been clear, strong and elevated, and touched upon the merits of the dead.
在华盛顿·欧文的《睡谷的传说》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- They harried his hitherto peaceful domains, smoked out his singing- school by stopping up the chimney, broke into the schoolhouse at night, in spite of its formidable fastenings of withe and window stakes, and turned everything topsy-turvy, so that the poor schoolmaster began to think all the witches in the country held their meetings there.
在威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆的《月亮和六便士》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Strickland had burst the bonds that hitherto had held him.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《老古玩店》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Every expectation held out in the handbills is realised to the utmost, and the whole forms an effect of imposing brilliancy hitherto unrivalled in this kingdom.
-- It was upon this lady, then, that Mr Swiveller burst in full freshness as something new and hitherto undreamed of, lighting up the office with scraps of song and merriment, conjuring with inkstands and boxes of wafers, catching three oranges in one hand, balancing stools upon his chin and penknives on his nose, and constantly performing a hundred other feats with equal ingenuity; for with such unbendings did Richard, in Mr Brass's absence, relieve the tedium of his confinement.
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